1) Narrative - the video is a visual response to the music. Performance and narrative dont need to be balanced and the narrative can be fragmented making the video seem disjointed. The main feature of the video is hardly ever the narrative, most of the time it is the music or performance or a mixture of both. She also says that there may not always be a clear resolution (ending) and that the video may pose questions that aren't answered as well as having a narrative or theme run continuously through it but fashioned as a montage using varying clips and shots.
2) Editing - Editing may match the musical phrases or the beat, this also means that the music video form may break most of the rules of continuity editing as well as making the edit more obvious and visible through the use of jump-cuts, cutting on movement, extreme changes in time, space and pace. you will hardly ever see smooth continuity editing throughout the video or match cuts on action.
3) Camera - Establishing shots and close ups as well as 'extreme' shots are used frequently and the camera may move in time with the music and lyrics. The style of framing and movement may be continuous and distinctive throughout the video.
4) Diegesis (the world of the music video) -
The diegesis may be revealed gradually and actions are not necessarily completed – they may be disrupted or interrupted in some way. Characters or objects may move in time with the music and there may be gaps in the audience’s understanding of the diegesis – in time and space,music, performance and narrative. Also some frames may be more important than others and there may be a lot of repetition e.g. the beat, themes, lyrics, performance,images, colours, camera positions.
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